WEATHER BASED GRAPE ADVISORY

WEATHER DATA FOR THE PREVAILING WEEK

Date of Fruit Pruning: 15/09/2022

 Thursday (10/08/2023) – Wednesday (16/08/2023)

Location

Temperature

(°C)

 

Possibility of Rain

Cloud Cover

Wind Speed

(Km/hr)

Min-Max

R H%

 

Min

Max

Min

Max

Nashik

22 -23

29-31

Nashik, Dindori, Ozar, Palkhed, Pimpalgaon Baswant,  Kalwan Thu- Wed – Drizzling. Loni, Vani -  Thu, Fri, Sat, Mon,Tue, Wed –Drizzling

Clear to cloudy

25-33

71-75

90-93

Pune

21-22

27-28

Pune, Phursungi, Loni Kalbhor, Uruli Kanchan, Patas, Yavat, Narayangaon, Baramati- Thu-Wed – Drizzling

Indapur - Fri-Wed – Drizzling.

Clear to cloudy

22-29

61-65

83-87

Solapur

21-22

32-34

Solapur, Nannaj, Pandharpur - Thu-Wed - Drizzling. Latur, Ausa- Thu, Fri, Sat, Tue,Wed-Drizzling.  Vairag, Barshi - Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun, Mon,Wed –Drizzling.

Tuljapur - Thu, Fri, Sat, Mon, Tue, Wed –Drizzling.

Clear to cloudy

17-27

45-53

71-78

Sangli

20-21

31-32

Shetphal-- Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun, Mon,Wed –Drizzling. Palsi,  Walva, Palus, Kawthe -

Khanapur Vita- Thu-Wed – Drizzling Shirguppi- Thu- Sun – Drizzling

Miraj- Thu, Fri, Sat, Mon, Tue, Wed –Drizzling.

Clear to cloudy

18-30

56-60

83-91

Vijayapura

21-22

32-34

Vijayapura, Chadchan, Tikota & Telsang -Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun, Wed –Drizzling

Clear to cloudy

24-31

48-55

76-84

Hyderabad

23-24

31-34

Hyderabad, Medchal, Zahirabad - Thu-Wed – Drizzling.

Clear to cloudy

17-20

45-50

72-74

Satara

20-21

27-29

Satara, Khatav,  Phaltan - Thu- Wed –Drizzling.

Clear to cloudy

16-27

65-70

86-91

Ahmednagar

21-22

29-31

Ahmednagar, Shrigonda--- Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun, Mon,Wed –Drizzling. Rahata, Kopargaon, Sangamner, Akole- Thu, Fri, Sat, Mon, Tue, Wed –Drizzling. Jamkhed - Thu, Fri, Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed –Drizzling.

Karjat- - Thu- Wed –Drizzling.

Clear to cloudy

23-35

57-64

79-86

Jalna

21-22

30-31

Ambad, Jalna, Gansawangi, Jafrabad -Thu- Wed –Drizzling.  Mantha - Fri, Sat, Mon, Tue, Wed –Drizzling.

Clear to cloudy

17-21

51-56

74-85

Buldhana

21-22

30-31

Sindkhedraja, D.raja, Chikhli -Thu- Wed - Drizzling  Buldana - Thu, Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed –Drizzling.

Clear to cloudy

16-21

58-61

83-90

Kolhapur

22-23

30-32

Kagal,Karveer, Gagan-bavada – Thu- Wed - Drizzling .

Clear to cloudy

09-14

71-76

94-96

Bengaluru Rural

20-22

30-32

Anekal, Doddaballapur, Bengaluru-east, Bengaluru-north, Bengaluru-south- Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun, Mon, Wed –Drizzling.

Clear to cloudy

14-18

38-47

79-86

Belagavi

21-22

30-31

Belagavi, Gokak-– Thu- Wed - Drizzling

Athni -Thu, Fri, Sat, Mon, Tue, Wed -Drizzling 

Chikodi– Thu-Sun - Drizzling

Clear to cloudy

15-22

65-66

90-98

Bidar

22-23

32-33

Basavakalyan, Humanabad- Thu, Fri, Sat, Tue, Wed –Drizzling.

Bidar- Thu- Wed - Drizzling

Clear to cloudy

16-20

51-56

78-86

Bagalkot

20-21

31-33

Hungund, Bagalkot, Jamkhandi, Mudhol- Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun, Wed –Drizzling.

Clear to cloudy

22-28

56-53

74-83

    Note: Above weather information is summary of weather forecasting given in following websites

    https://www.wunderground.com/?cm_ven=cgi

    https://imdagrimet.gov.in/weatherdata/BlockWindow.php

    https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india

    ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes does not claim accuracy of it.

     

        

    II. Water Management

     

    a. Number of days after foundation pruning: 117

    b. Pan evaporation: 1 to 4 mm

    Amount of irrigation advised:

    1.      The irrigation water application should be based upon the growth of the vines.  Generally, under wapsa (field capacity) condition of the soil, donot give irrigation. 

    2.      Cane maturity stage: Apply irrigation through surface drip @ 1500 L/acre per day, if required only.

    3.      In rainy conditions, remove mulch cover on the bund and allow the rain water to seep into the soil. This will leach the accumulated salts in the rootzone.  The mulch so removed can be mixed with the soil to improve the soil porosity.

     

    Nutrient management

     

    1.        Donot disturb the soil in the root zone if the soil is already saturated. Wait for the soil to come to the wapsa condition before any soil related intervention has to be done.  Growth will be slow and cane maturity will be affected but donot worry.  Only after wapsa, fertilizer application should be done.

    2.        In case of calcareous soils where acute iron deficiency is observed, repeatedly spray 2-3g/L Ferrous sulphate two to three times at 3 days interval followed by 15-20 kg/ acre  Ferrous sulphate application through drip.  The fertigation dose should be split into atleast 3 doses of 5kg each.  Apply 5kg/ acre soluble sulphur through drip every week.  Also spray magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate @ 3 gm each/ L once only.Keep a close watch on the development of leaf blackening symptoms if irrigation water contains sodium more than 100ppm.

    3.        Possibility of leaf curling, check the leaf margins, if slight to more yellow, possibility of potassium deficiency.  Foliar spray of SOP @ 3-4g/L followed by fertigation of 20-25 kg SOP/acre in 2 to 3 splits.

    4.        In coloured varieties like Jumbo, Nanasaheb Purple etc., leaf curling along with reddening/ bronzing of the leaf margin can be observed if potassium deficiency is there.  Foliar spray of SOP @ 3g/L followed by fertigation of 20-25 kg SOP/acre in 2 to 3 splits.

    5.        Potassium application is required from Cane maturity stage onwards.  Approx. 32 kg of sulphate of potash (soluble grade) should be applied between 90-110 days. Application should be based upon soil test value.  Split the application into atleast five doses to reduce the leaching losses of the potassium.    In calcareous soils, provide foliar application of Sulphate of Potash (@ 4g/L) once in this growth stage.

    6.        Apply magnesium sulphate @ 15 kg/acre in two splits.  The application should be done during 90-110 days after pruning. 

    7.        Two –three sprays of SOP@ 4-5g/L and Magnesium sulphate is required for improving cane maturity in the vineyards.

    8.        The light intensity is reduced due to cloudy conditions, management of canopy to improve light penetration is important for cane maturity.

     

    Pre-pruning operations – Fruit pruning season

    1.      In case pruning is planned during September, raise Sunnhemp or Dhaincha for green manuring purpose and plough it back into soil before flowering.

    2.      In case  pruning is planned during August, then following operations should be performed before pruning:

    a)      The soil and irrigation water should be tested and nutrient application planned based upon the test results.

    b)      In areas where rains have not been received and the irrigation water availability is less, it is suggested to flood the rootzone(only) with water to leach out the salts and wet the entire soil depth before pruning and then cover with mulch.  Thereafter irrigate as per availability of water. 

    c)      15-20 days before pruning, depending upon the extent of calcium carbonate or sodium in the soil, Sulphur/ gypsum should be applied as soil amendment along with FYM/compost etc. They should be mixed in the soil and not left on the top.

    d)     In case of calcareous soils, if SSP is applied as basal dose, mix with FYM/compost etc. to avoid phosphorus fixation and then apply in the soil.

    III. Canopy Management

     

    The practices followed during this week are as below.

    1. The rains received during the last week will help to increase the relative humidity and thus the vigor of the vine. 

    2. All the grape vineyard will experience high shoot vigour. To control the shoot vigor, shoot pinching should be taken up on priority basis. 

    3. The new shoot growth may face the problem of downy mildew and anthracnose infection. Hence, shoot pinching and training the shoot on wire should be done. This will help to reduce the relative humidity and maintain microclimate in the canopy.

    4. Early cane maturity is important. Hence, shoot pinching and shoot training should be given priority.  This will help to receive sunlight and proper aeration in the canopy.

    5. Application of potash and reduction of irrigation water will also help to attain cane maturity in the vineyard. 

    6. In the vineyard the growers may experience milky white color of shoots at bottom. This is the indication of cane maturity.  Reduction of irrigation and potassium spray will help to advance the cane maturity. 

    7. Spraying of biologicals during humid conditions can help to control the disease incidence. 

    8. Under humid condition and repeated shoot removal, sprouting of main bud (tiger bud) is seen. This problem is more prominent in the vineyard where the shoots just started maturing from the bottom. In such vineyards, either water shortage or excess use of cytokinin based PGR was used. With sudden increase in relative humidity, the increase in internal gibberellins in the vine resulting into vegetative growth. However, the controlled vigor due to this condition results into pressure on the immature portion ie., the bud. To control this, apply nitrogenous fertilizer mainly urea or ammonium sulphate @ 1.0 kg per care for 2-3 days. Do not pinch the shoots for two weeks but allow the growth of 4-5 leaf on shoot.

    9. In the vineyard where cordon development is in progress, a second instalment can be done. The last shoot can be tied on the cordon. This shoot needs to be pinched at 4 to 5 leaf only. 

    10. Application of PGR for fruit bud differentiation is necessary as prevailing weather is not favourable. Hence, 6BA and Uracil applications with recommended doses should be followed. 

    11. Once the side shoots start emerging, spray of P and K grade fertilizer with a minimum dose of 2 to 2.5 g per litre of water can be given. 

    12. In rootstock, shoot thinning can be undertaken. Retention of 3 to 4 healthy, straight growing shoots will be sufficient for grafting. 

    13. The shoot thickness of rootstock should be 8 to 10mm at about 1.25 feet above the ground. 

    14. The side shoots on rootstock should be removed in the instalment so that the required thickness for grafting can be achieved. 

    15. The fertilizers containing P and K grade (eg. 12.61.0, 18.46.0, etc) need to apply in 2-3 split doses.

    16. In the soil containing calcium carbonate, sulphur @ 40-50 kg per acre should be mixed with soil.

    17. Spraying the vineyard with 0.5% Bordeaux mixture at the initiation of shoot maturity (milky white color stage of shoot) will help to achieve early cane maturity and disease control.  

    18. Spraying of vineyard with biologicals i.e., Manjari Vineguard @ 2 ml/litre water (2-3 sprays at an interval of 3-4 days) can be done to control major diseases.

     

       

    IV. Disease management

    Days after foundation pruning

    Risk of diseases

    Downy mildew

    Powdery mildew

    Anthracnose

    Others (specify)

    117

    Nil

    Nil

    Moderate

    Bacterial spot-   Moderate  and Rust--Nil

     

     

     

     

     

    Anthracnose is incident in many locations and application of carbendazim/ Thiophenate methyl@ 1g/L may be done. The spray may be repeated after 7 days. If the problem persists, application of hexaconazole @0.75ml/L may be given to control anthracnose. Additionally, it will control powdery mildew infection, which is present in most of the areas now. Application of Ampelomyces quisqualis @2ml/L or sulphur @ 2.5-3g/L should be done to control powdery mildew.  Preventive application of Mancozeb and Copper formulations to be continued and it will take care of bacterial spots as well. Application of Kasugamycin+copper oxychloride @ 750g/Ha will further control bacterial spot and anthracnose. Drip or foliar application of Trichoderma may be given during this week as moist and humid conditions will help in the multiplication of the biocontrol agents. Streptocycline should NOT be applied for any bacterial diseases. Excess application of copper may be avoided. Bordeaux mixture @0.5% may be applied for the control downy mildew but if the infection is heavy as is observed in many locations, an application of systemic fungicides may be given.

     

        

    V.    Insect and Mite management

     

    1.      Due to optimum weather conditions, mealybug infestation may be noticed. Use of broad-spectrum insecticides should be avoided for mealybug control. Preventive plant wash, on stem and cordons, of biocontrol agents such as Verticillium, Metarhizium, Beauveria may be given. In case of shoot malformation, remove excess shoot growth and give foliar spray of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.4 ml per litre water.

    2.      In case of thrips or caterpillar infestation, remove excess canopy. Application of fipronil 80 WG @ 0.0625 g per litre or emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.22 g per litre water is effective. Light traps may be installed outside the vineyards to manage moths for reducing caterpillar infestation.

    3.      Mite infestation may start appearing, therefore, monitor the vineyards carefully. If mite infestation is observed, sulphur 80 WDG @ 1.5-2.0 gram per litre or abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.75 ml/l water is effective.

    4.      Red colour stem borer (Dervishiya cadambae) has started egg laying and infestation under bark in grape areas. Install light traps near the vineyards to manage moths of this stem borer. Remove loose bark from stem and cordons and give preventive wash on stem and cordons with biocontrol agent Metarhizium @ 3-5 ml per litre water minimum once in the month during July to September months. If infestation is observed, remove the loose bark and give spot stem and cordon wash with Metarhizium @ 3-5 ml per litre water and 1.5-2 litres water per plant on the infested plants only.

    5.In new vineyards, flea beetle infestation may be observed. In case of heavy infestation, give soil drenching with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1.5 ml per plant and foliar application with spinetoram 11.7 SC @ 0.3 ml per litre or fipronil 80 WG @ 0.0625 g per litre water.