ICAR-NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE
FOR GRAPES,
Manjri, Pune.
WEATHER DATA FOR THE PREVAILING WEEK
Date of Fruit Pruning: 15/09/2023
Thursday (21/3/2024) – Wednesday (27/3/2024)
Location |
Temperature (°C) |
Possibility of Rain |
Cloud Cover |
Wind Speed (Km/hr) Min-Max |
R H% |
||
Min |
Max |
Min |
Max |
||||
Nashik |
19-21 |
35-37 |
Nashik, Dindori, Ozar, Pimpalgaon Baswant, Palkhed, Kalwan, Loni, Vani- Thu- Wed –No Rain |
Clear to cloudy |
08-13 |
09-16 |
18-49 |
Pune |
18-19 |
35-37 |
Pune, Phursungi, Loni Kalbhor, Uruli Kanchan, Patas, Yavat, Narayangaon, Baramati, Indapur - Thu- Wed –No Rain |
Clear |
11-13 |
07-15 |
15-51 |
Solapur |
20-23 |
37-40 |
Tuljapur, Pandharpur, Vairag, Barshi, Nannaj, Solapur, Latur, Ausa - Thu- Wed –No Rain |
Clear |
14-19 |
06-16 |
18-54 |
Sangli |
20-23 |
36-38 |
Palsi, Khanapur Vita, Shetphal, Shirguppi, Kawthe, Walva, Palus, Miraj - Thu- Wed –No Rain |
Clear |
13-17 |
09-24 |
28-66 |
Vijayapura |
19-22 |
36-40 |
Vijayapura, Chadchan, Tikota & Telsang - Wed – Drizzling.
|
Clear to cloudy |
16-23 |
07-24 |
21-60 |
Hyderabad |
20-26 |
33-37 |
Hyderabad, Medchal, Zahirabad - Thu- Wed –No Rain. |
Clear to cloudy |
11-16 |
18-35 |
40-81 |
Satara |
19-21 |
34-36 |
Satara, Khatav, Phaltan - Thu- Wed –No Rain |
Clear |
09-11 |
09-20 |
30-69 |
Ahmednagar |
17-20 |
35-38 |
Rahata, Kopargaon, Sangamner, Karjat, Jamkhed, Akole, Ahmednagar, Shrigonda - Thu- Wed –No Rain. |
Clear to cloudy |
12-15 |
08-12 |
16-43 |
Jalna |
20-22 |
35-38 |
Jafrabad, Ambad, Jalna, Mantha, Gansawangi - Thu- Wed –No Rain. |
Clear to cloudy |
10-15 |
08-10 |
14-39 |
Buldhana |
20-22 |
35-38 |
Buldana, Sindkhedraja, D.raja, Chikhli- Thu- Wed –No Rain. |
Clear |
11-16 |
09-10 |
13-39 |
Kolhapur |
22-24 |
33-39 |
Kagal, Karveer, Gagan-bavada – Thu- Wed –No Rain. |
Clear |
07-09 |
10-34 |
48-87 |
Bengaluru Rural |
19-22 |
33-35 |
Anekal, Doddaballapur, Bengaluru-east, Bengaluru-north, Bengaluru- Thu-Wed –No Rain. |
Clear to cloudy |
14-17 |
18-32 |
39-88 |
Belagavi |
20-23 |
33-36 |
Belagavi, Gokak-Thu, Sat, Sun, Wed- Drizzling Chikodi, Athni- Thu- Wed –No Rain. |
Clear to cloudy |
11-16 |
12-34 |
36-86 |
Bidar |
20-26 |
35-38 |
Bidar, Basavakalyan, Humanabad, - Thu- Wed –No Rain. |
Clear |
11-19 |
10-27 |
33-71 |
Bagalkot |
20-22 |
35-38 |
Hungund, Bagalkot, Jamkhandi, Mudhol- Wed- Drizzling |
Clear to cloudy |
10-20 |
08-26 |
33-62 |
Note: Above weather information is summary of weather forecasting given in following websites
https://www.wunderground.com/?cm_ven=cgi
https://imdagrimet.gov.in/weatherdata/BlockWindow.php
ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes does not claim accuracy of it.
II. Water management
Pan evaporation: 7-8.5 mm
Amount of
irrigation advised
(Dr.
A.K. Upadhyay):
a.
In case the soil is under wapsa (field capacity)
condition, donot irrigate the
vineyard.
b.
Practice mulching to keep the bunds moistened. This will
reduce the salinity build up in
the root zone due to evaporation
of the moisture from the surface
of the bund.
c.
From Veraison stage onwards till maturity, apply
irrigation through drip @ 11,900
to 14,450 L/ acre/ day.
d.
Whereever
temperature is crossing 35°C,
donot withhold irrigation during
ripening to harvest stage for
faster sugar accumulation, as
this will lead to loose bunch,
thereby affecting the quality of
produce.
This is especially true
in case of light soils and
saline soils.
e.
After foundation pruning, during
shoot growth stage, apply
11,900 to 14,450 L/acre per day of irrigation water.
If EC of the irrigation
water is less than 1 dS/m, then
apply 9,520 – 11,560 L/acre per
day.
f.
In case vigour is more than
desired, then reduce irrigation
water application to 6,000 –
7,200 L/ acre.
Still if you are not able
to control the vigour, stop
irrigation till such time growth
is controlled.
g.
Cover the cordons of the pruned
vines with shadenet, if
available, for uniform sprouting
as well as reducing the
irrigation water needs by 20-25
%.
Shadenet coverage will
reduce the temperature impact on
the cordons.
However, remove shadenet
after 3-5 leaf stage.
If shadenet is not
available, spray the cordons
with water during the peak heat
period i.e. 2-3 pm to reduce the
heat effect on the buds.
h.
In case
there is probability of less
irrigation water availability,
then flood the bund (not whole
vineyard) at pruning and mulch
the bunds.
Flooding the bund will
reduce the accumulated salt load
in the root zone and mulching
will reduce the evaporation of
water from soil surface.
Thus, this will reduce
the salt load in the soil and at
the same time saturate the soil
leading to proper sprouting.
Further, in case less
irrigation water is available
still the newly emerging shoots
will not be damaged due to
salinity.
Soil and Nutrient management
Ripening
to Harvest stage:
1.
Apply Sulphate of potash or
0-0-50 @ 25 kg/ acre in 3-4
splits for next two weeks.
Total potassium
application (SOP) should be
approx. 60 kg/acre during this
stage.
Follow this up with
Magnesium sulphate @ 10 kg/acre
in two splits.
2.
Spray Magnesium sulphate
and
potassium sulphate @ 4g/L in
calcareous soil.
3.
Possibility of powdery mildew
infection.
Build up potassium levels
in grapevine either through
foliar spray @4-5 gm SOP/L and
drip @ 15 kg SOP/L if not
applied since last 20 days.
4.
In case leaf curling/marginal
leaf yellowing (potassium
deficiency) and mites infection
is observed, first control mites
and then spray SOP@5g/L to take
care of potassium deficiency and
drip @ 15 kg SOP/L if not
applied since last 20 days.
5.
Manage canopy for adequate
sunlight and air movement within
the canopy for avoiding/
minimizing problems of berry
cracking.
Rest Period
After the harvest of grapes,
vine reserves are exhausted.
After foundation pruning,
till photosynthetically active
leaves are formed, it is the
vine reserves that contribute to
the growth and development of
the vines. Hence, following is
advised:
1.
Provide only need based
irrigation to protect the
existing leaves from drying and
also contribute towards
increasing the reserves of the
vines through photosynthetic
activity.
The quantum of irrigation
water applied should be approx.
5000 – 6000 L/ acre, once in a
week.
Care should be taken to
reduce/stop the water in case
new growth is observed on the
shoot.
2.
Apply 10-15 kg urea, 25-30 kg
SSP and 10-15 kg Sulphate of
Potash per acre every 15-20 days
till foundation pruning is not
done.
3.
Flooding the vineyard is not
advised as it will lead to
wastage of water.
Concentrate irrigation
water application in the root
zone only.
Foundation
pruning:
1.
If planning for foundation
pruning in next 10- 15 days, it
is advised to get soil and water
analysed for planning nutrient
and water application schedule
for foundation pruning season.
2.
If soils are calcareous in
nature, then apply 50 kg/acre
sulphur between the vines in the
soil. The sulphur should be
properly mixed in the soil for
improving its efficacy in taking
care of calcium carbonates.
Mixing of sulphur with
FYM/ compost further improves
its efficacy.
3.
The vineyards where sodicity
problems are there, apply gypsum
to the soil for removal of
sodium from the soil exchange
complex.
In case of calcareous
soils, use sulphur for similar
purpose.
Shoot growth stage:
1.
Apply 50 kg urea/ acre in 5-6
splits after sprouting.
In calcareous soils,
donot apply urea, instead use
Ammonium sulphate @ 85 kg/acre
in atleast 7-8 splits from
sprouting onwards.
2.
In case of vigorous growth of
shoots, stop nitrogen
application and wait for the
growth to stabilize before
resuming nitrogen application.
If still the growth
continues, then reduce
irrigation.
Then resume when growth
is maintained at desired level.
III. Canopy Management
Based on the weather data
and growth stages, following
suggestions are offered for
vineyard management.
1)
The temperature in the vineyard
has started increasing. This
will demand more irrigation
water for berry development.
Under the situation of shortage
of irrigation water in the
vineyard, use of mulching,
irrigation during either evening
time or early morning need to be
followed.
2)
As the development of grape
bunches are in progress, the
irrigation is also being
increased in the vineyard. This
is also helping to increase the
relative humidity in the
vineyard. Due to this the
chances of incidence of powdery
mildew may increase. Hence,
under this condition, spray of
biologicals need to be used in
the vineyard.
3)
With the increase in temperature
in the vineyard, the chances of
mealy bug incidence will also be
increased.
4)
The grape bunches at the stage
of veraison, should be placed
under the canopy to maintain
uniformity in bunch colour.
5)
Elongated varieties in the
market are preferred when the
TSS is higher. To achieve, the
leaf around the grape bunch
needs to be removed. This will
help in obtaining yellow colour
of grape berries having higher
TSS.
6)
After the bud sprouting, only
straight and fast-growing shoot
to be selected for trunk
development.
7)
The selected shoot to be tied to
bamboo with sutali.
8)
While developing the trunk, stop
and go method to be followed.
The growing shoot to be pinched
at 7-8 leaf stage when it is at
10-11 leaf.
9)
The side shoots on the new
growth are then pinched at 3-4
leaf and the upper shoot to be
tied for next instalment of
cordon.
10)
After harvest of crop,
preparation of foundation
pruning is required. Soil and
water testing before the
foundation pruning is necessary.
This will help to know the
present status of soil and water
and application of nutrients so
that the cost of production can
be reduced.
11)
Trench opening (two feet wide
and 3-4 inch deep) can be done
at least 15 days in advance.
12)
Application of well rotten farm
yard manure at the bottom of
trench need to be done. Based on
the soil testing report and last
year experience in grape
vineyard, nutrient application
to be undertaken.
13)
Since the temperature in
increasing with reduction in
relative humidity, the trench
should be covered immediately to
protect these roots.
14)
The trench after filling should
be irrigated. This will help to
maintain moisture in the root
zone.
15)
Foundation pruning should be
done leaving a single bud on the
cane.
16)
Application of hydrogen
cyanamide @ 20-25 ml/L water
will be sufficient.
17)
Rectification
of dead cordons can be done
during foundation pruning.
IV. Disease management
Days after fruit pruning |
Risk of diseases |
|||
Downy mildew |
Powdery mildew |
Anthracnose |
Others (specify) |
|
187 |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Bacterial spot- Nil Rust- Nil |
As per the weather forecast there is no
probability of any major
diseases now. However, prior to
harvest two sprays of Bacillus
subtilis may be given which
will not only control powdery
mildew but will also help in
reduction of pesticide residues.
V. Insect and Mite management
Growth Stage: Berry development and
veraison stage after October
pruning
1. Buprofezin 25 SC @ 1.25 ml/L (PHI 65 days) water or spirotetramat 15.31
OD @ 700 ml/hectare (PHI 60
days) may be used for the
management of mealybugs. In case
PHI cannot be maintained for
application of insecticides, tag
mealybug infested vines and wash
with any trisiloxane
polyether-based surfactant @ 0.3
ml per litre water with water
volume 10-12 litres per vine
with single gun with mild
pressure to wash off the
mealybugs. It should be followed
by washing with plain water.
2. Mite infestation may increase in most of the grape areas. Sulphur 80 WDG
@ 1.5-2.0 g/L or Abamectin 1.9
EC @ 0.75 ml/L (PHI 30 days) or
Bifenazate 22.6 SC @ 0.5 ml/L
(PHI 30 days) water may be
applied if mite infestation is
observed.
3. All the cracked/damaged berries should be removed from the grape bunches.
These berries should be
destroyed by burying them
minimum two feet deep in the
ground away from the vineyards.
It will reduce the scavenging
fly population in the vineyard.
The berry cracking of grapes
should be managed by following
suitable viticultural practices.