Advisory note for the farmers for the vineyard management under delayed or break in monsoon and rain deficit conditions
| Delayed monsoon (15 days) | Delayed monsoon (30 days) | Rain deficit at Vegetative phase | Rain deficit at Reproductive phase | Terminal Drought |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In case of April pruned vineyards, only Cane maturity stage and fruit bud development stage will be affected. Provide protective irrigation through drip @ 8400 litre/ha/day. | In case of April pruned vineyards, only Cane maturity stage and fruit bud development stage will be affected. Provide protective irrigation through drip @ 8400 litre/ha/day. | In case of April pruned vineyards, only Cane maturity stage and fruit bud development stage will be affected. Provide protective irrigation through drip @ 8400 litre/ha/day. | not applicable | If severe deficit of irrigation water is there then, do not take the crop and maintain the vineyard on survival irrigation of 2-3 l/vine/day (3500-5200 liters/ha/ day) in heavy and light textured soils. |
| In case of Late pruned vineyards (May), fruit bud differentiation stage and Cane maturity stage and fruit bud development stage will be affected. Provide protective irrigation through drip @ 11,200 – 14,000 litre/ha/day at Fruit bud differentiation and 8400 litre/ha/day litre/vine/day at Cane maturity stage. Any deficit during these two stages could reduce the vine yield by 8- 10% during fruit pruning season. | In case of Late pruned vineyards (May), fruit bud differentiation stage and Cane maturity stage and fruit bud development stage will be affected. Provide protective irrigation through drip @ 11,200 – 14,000 litre/ha/day at Fruit bud differentiation and 8400 litre/ha/day litre/vine/day at Cane maturity stage. Any deficit during these two stages could reduce the vine yield by 8- 10% during fruit pruning season. | In case of Late pruned vineyards (May), fruit bud differentiation stage and Cane maturity stage and fruit bud development stage will be affected. Provide protective irrigation through drip @ 11,200 – 14,000 litre/ha/day at Fruit bud differentiation and 8400 litre/ha/day litre/vine/day at Cane maturity stage. Any deficit during these two stages could reduce the vine yield by 8- 10% during fruit pruning season. | not applicable | |
| Mulching with plastic or organic mulch (bagasse, straw etc.) and spraying with anti-transpirants like Anti-stress @ 5 ml per liter will reduce irrigation requirement by 20- 25%. Spray of antistress also help in protection of powdery mildew. | Mulching with plastic or organic mulch (bagasse, straw etc.) and spraying with anti-transpirants like Anti-stress @ 5 ml per liter will reduce irrigation requirement by 20- 25%. Spray of antistress also help in protection of powdery mildew. | Mulching with plastic or organic mulch (bagasse, straw etc.) and spraying with anti-transpirants like Anti-stress @ 5 ml per liter will reduce irrigation requirement by 20- 25%. Spray of antistress also help in protection of powdery mildew. | not applicable | |
| Subsurface irrigation from existing surface drip with the help of a plastic/ any other material, pipe piece (about 2.5 inches in diameter for 4 lph discharge). Pipe at 9 inches depth in case of heavy soils and in light textured soils 4-6 inches depth. This will reduce irrigation water requirement by 20-25 %. | Subsurface irrigation from existing surface drip with the help of a plastic/ any other material, pipe piece (about 2.5 inches in diameter for 4 lph discharge). Pipe at 9 inches depth in case of heavy soils and in light textured soils 4-6 inches depth. This will reduce irrigation water requirement by 20-25 %. | Subsurface irrigation from existing surface drip with the help of a plastic/ any other material, pipe piece (about 2.5 inches in diameter for 4 lph discharge). Pipe at 9 inches depth in case of heavy soils and in light textured soils 4-6 inches depth. This will reduce irrigation water requirement by 20-25 %. | not applicable | |
| In the vineyards receiving saline irrigation water, provide extra irrigation to leach out the salts from the soil and avoid salinity build-up and premature leaf fall. | In the vineyards receiving saline irrigation water, provide extra irrigation to leach out the salts from the soil and avoid salinity build-up and premature leaf fall. | In the vineyards receiving saline irrigation water, provide extra irrigation to leach out the salts from the soil and avoid salinity build-up and premature leaf fall. | not applicable | |
| In vineyards suffering from moisture stress, do not apply bulk doses of fertiliser in soil as this will increase salinity and reduce water uptake by vines. Increased salinity may lead to pre-mature leaf fall particularly under saline irrigation. It is therefore, advisable to apply fertilizers through drip irrigation (fertigation). Fertigation will help in better availability of applied fertilizers. | In vineyards suffering from moisture stress, do not apply bulk doses of fertiliser in soil as this will increase salinity and reduce water uptake by vines. Increased salinity may lead to pre-mature leaf fall particularly under saline irrigation. It is therefore, advisable to apply fertilizers through drip irrigation (fertigation). Fertigation will help in better availability of applied fertilizers. | In vineyards suffering from moisture stress, do not apply bulk doses of fertiliser in soil as this will increase salinity and reduce water uptake by vines. Increased salinity may lead to pre-mature leaf fall particularly under saline irrigation. It is therefore, advisable to apply fertilizers through drip irrigation (fertigation). Fertigation will help in better availability of applied fertilizers. | not applicable |
Plant Protection
| Normal monsoon | Delayed monsoon | Break in monsoon | |
|---|---|---|---|
| New plants | 1. Protection of anthracnose is needed, whenever new shoot emerge. Spray (carbendazim 50 WP 1g + 2.0 g/L) 2. For downy mildew control sprays are needed only when maximum temperature drops below 30°C for considerable time in a week. Spray Bordeaux mixture 0.5% or COC 50 WP, 3.0 g/L or copper hydroxide 1.5 g/L. In case intermittent rains and continuous wet conditions above mentioned copper based fungicides can be sprayed as tank mix with potassium phosphit 1.5 to 2.0 g/L. 3. Do allow development of shoots or leave on stem close to soil, as it will help to get downy mildew through inoculum in soil. 4. Train the plants promptly and do not allow development of shoots in cluster. Such shoots develop powdery mildew. 5. To prevent powdery mildew spray sulphur 80 WG 1.5 g/L alone or mixed with copper fungicides. 6. On outbreak of powdery mildew spray triazole fungicide (hexaconazole 5EC 1ml or Flusilazole 40EC 25 ml/200L) along with potassium bicarbonate 5g/L. | 1. Delay sprays till start of monsoon rain. 2. Observe temperature on onset of monsoon and spray as suggested for normal monsoon. | 1. During break in monsoon shoots grow faster, so control growth by tipping shoots. 2. New infection of anthracnose and downy mildew often does not develop during break in monsoon. Hence, concentrate rouging out infected plant parts manually especially in case of anthracnose and downy mildew. 3. Powdery mildew grow fast during breaks in monsoon, especially in dense canopy and if cloudy conditions remain for long time. During such period spray triazole fungicides as suggested under normal monsoon. |