Weekly advisory 14 July, 2022 - 20 July, 2022

WEATHER DATA FOR THE PREVAILING WEEK

Date of Foundation Pruning: 16/04/2022

Thursday (14/07//22)–Wednesday (20/07/2022)

Note: Above weather information is summary of weather forecasting given in following websites

https://www.wunderground.com/?cm_ven=cgi

https://imdagrimet.gov.in/weatherdata/BlockWindow.php

https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india

ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes does not claim accuracy of it.

II. Water management (Dr. A.K. Upadhyay& Yukti Verma)

A) Days after pruning :90 days

B) Pan evaporation: 0 to 2 mm

Amount of irrigation advised:

1. All the grape growing regions are forecasted to receive from drizzling to heavy rains. The irrigation water application should be based upon the growth of the vines. In case rain exceeds 5 mm on a given day, irrigation water application can be skipped for that day. Generally, under wapsa (field capacity) condition of the soil, donot give irrigation.

2. If the soils especillay medium and heavy, are saturated with water, then, do not irrigate for atleast 5-7 days till the soil comes to wapsa condition.

3. Cane maturity stage:Apply irrigation through surface drip @ 1500 L/acre per day, if required only.

4. In rainy conditions, remove mulch cover on the bund and allow the rain water to seep into the soil. This will leach the accumulated salts in the rootzone. The mulch so removed can be mixed with the soil to improve the soil porosity.

Nutrient management

1. If the rootzone is saturated then donot apply any fertilizer. Growth will be slow, donot worry. As and when the soil comes into field capacity (wapsa), root activity will increase and the growth will progress. After that only fertilizer should be applied.

2. Due to continuous sprays the leaf will not look healthy, need based sprays should be followed as the leaf health is bound to affect the photosynthate formation. This will impact cane maturity.

3. After current rains, give foliar spray of SOP @ 3-5 g/L depending upon canopy size.

4. In case of calcareous soils where acute iron deficiency is observed, repeatedly spray 2-3g/L Ferrous sulphate two to three times at 3 days interval followed by 15-20 kg/ acre Ferrous sulphate application through drip. The fertigation dose should be split into atleast 3 doses of 5kg each. Apply 5kg/ acre soluble sulphur through drip every week. Also spray magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate @ 3 gm each/ L once only.Keep a close watch on the development of leaf blackening symptoms if irrigation water contains sodium more than 100ppm.

5. Possibility of leaf curling, check the leaf margins, if slight to more yellow, possibility of potassium deficiency. Foliar spray of SOP @ 3-4g/L followed by fertigation of 20-25 kg SOP/acre in 2 to 3 splits.

6. In coloured varieties like Jumbo, Nanasaheb Purple etc., leaf curling along with reddening/ bronzing of the leaf margin can be observed if potassium deficiency is there. Foliar spray of SOP @ 3g/L followed by fertigation of 20-25 kg SOP/acre in 2 to 3 splits.

Cane maturity stage

1. Potassium application is required from Cane maturity stage onwards. Approx. 64 kg of sulphate of potash (soluble grade) should be applied in this stage. Split the application into atleast five doses to reduce the leaching losses of the potassium. Apply 15 kg SOP in two – three splits during this week. In calcareous soils, provide foliar application of Sulphate of Potash (@ 4g/L) once in this growth stage.

2. Apply magnesium sulphate @ 15 kg/acre in two splits. The application should be done during 60-75 days after pruning. In calcareous so

Pre-pruning operations – Fruit pruning season

1. In case pruning is planned during August - September, raise Sunnhemp or Dhaincha for green manuring purpose.

2. The vineyards where sodicity problems are there, apply gypsum to the soil for removal of sodium from the soil exchange complex. In case of calcareous soils, use sulphur for similar purpose. The application should be alongwith FYM/compost etc. They should be mixed in the soil and not left on the top.

3. In case of calcareous soils, if SSP is applied as basal dose, mix with FYM/compost etc. to avoid phosphorus fixation.

4. Test the soil and irrigation water, to plan for nutrient and water management during fruit pruning season.

III. Requirement of growth regulators (Dr. S.D. Ramteke)

- NIL

IV. Canopy Management (Dr. R.G.Somkuwar)

The weather condition in major grape growing areas is changed with reduction in temperature and increase in relative humidity. Based on the prediction of rainfall in the coming week, following suggestions are offered.

1) The shoot vigor will increase at faster rate. This will result into increase in leaf above the requirement. Hence, the leaf above the requirement are to be removed by pinching.

2) Pinching of shoots to be done immediately. Delay in pinching of extra growth results into loss of nutrients. The hard pinching also results into emergence of bunches on the emerged shoots.

3) Delay in shoot pinching will further delay the cane maturity. This condition may lead to either fillage or small bunch or even in some cases, failure of crop. To avoid, shoot pinching followed by application of potsassic fertilizer may help to advance the cane maturity.

4) Under the condition of milky white color of 2-3 internodes from the base of a shoot, spray of Boudreaux mixture @ 0.5% ca be started. This will help to control the diseases during the period of high humidity and rainfall condition.

5) Control of irrigation water will help to keep the vegetative growth under check.

6) During this period, development of second instalment of cordon can be initiated.

7) In majority of the grape vineyard, swelling of nodes, bulging of shoot, cordon, etc is observed. Application of excess cytokinin based plant growth regulators, growth retardants, shortage of irrigation water, excess use of potash and sometimes use of weedicide in the vineyard to control the weed may lead to this problem. To control, application of nitrogenous fertilizers, increase in irrigation to encourage the vegetative growth for about 4-5 leaf may be followed.

8) Use of biologicals in the form of spray and drenching may be followed during this stage.

V. Disease management (Dr. Sujoy Saha)

Due to continuous rains in most of the areas anthracnose,bacterial spot and downy mildew may be incident in a moderate scale. Thiophenate methyl/carbendazim@1g/L should be given for anthracnose control. The ‘Y’ junctions on the canes should be checked for blackish discolouration as it is an indication of anthracnose disease.Bordeaux mixture (0.5-1%)/Mancozeb/Metiram/Ziram @ 2-2.5g/l may be given as a preventive for downy mildew control.An application of Kasugamycin+Copperoxychloride may be given @ 0.75g/l for the management of both bacterial spot and anthracnose.Streptocycline should NOT be applied for the control of bacterial diseases. Powdery mildew may be disseminated by the rain splashes and initial symptoms may be observed as soon as the rain stops. Application of triazoles like hexaconazole or difenoconazole will control powdery mildew and additional protection against anthracnose will be obtained as well. Foliar application of Bacillus/Trichoderma @ 2-3g/ml should be given during this time to get a control against anthracnose.

VI. Insect and Mite management. (Dr. D.S. Yadav)

1. Due to reduction in temperature and cloudy conditions, mealybug infestation may be noticed. Use of broad spectrum insecticides should be avoided for mealybug control. Buprofezin 25 SC @ 1.25 ml/l water may be given to manage mealybugs. Preventive plant wash, on stem and cordons, of biocontrol agents such as Verticillium, Metarhizium, Beauveria may be given.

2. In case of thrips or caterpillar infestation, remove excess canopy. Application of fipronil 80 WG @ 0.0625 g per litre or emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.22 g per litre water is effective. Light traps may be installed outside the vineyards to manage moths for reducing caterpillar infestation.

3. Mite infestation may start appearing, therefore, monitor the vineyards carefully. If mite infestation is observed, sulphur 80 WDG @ 1.5-2.0 gram per litre or abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.75 ml/l water is effective.

4. Red colour stem borer (Dervishiya cadambae) has started egg laying and infestation under bark in grape areas. Install light traps near the vineyards to manage moths of this stem borer. Remove loose bark from stem and cordons and give preventive wash on stem and cordons with biocontrol agent Metarhizium @ 3-5 ml per litre water minimum once in the month during July to September months. If infestation is observed, remove the loose bark and give stem and cordon wash with lambda cyhalothrin 5 CS @ 2.5 ml per litre water and 1.5-2 litres water per plant.