Weekly advisory 26 May, 2022 - 01 June, 2022

WEATHER DATA FOR THE PREVAILING WEEK

Date of Foundation Pruning: 16/04/2022

Thursday (26/05/022)–Wednesday (01/06/2022)

Note: Above weather information is summary of weather forecasting given in following websites

https://www.wunderground.com/?cm_ven=cgi

https://imdagrimet.gov.in/weatherdata/BlockWindow.php

https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india

ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes does not claim accuracy of it.

II. Water management (Dr. A.K. Upadhyay & Yukti Verma)

A) Days after pruning : 41 days

B) Pan evaporation : 7 to 9mm

1. If the soil is in wapsa condition, then do not irrigate.

2. Before starting irrigation, check for shoot vigour. If it is still vigourous, do not irrigate. Remove excess growth/ side shoots. Canopy should not be dense.

3. After foundation pruning, during shoot growth stage, apply 11,900 – 12,750 L/acre per day of irrigation water in areas where max. temperature is below 37°C, whereas in other areas apply 13,500 – 15,300 L/acre per day. If EC of the irrigation water is less than 1 dS/m, then apply 9,500 – 10,200 L/acre per day in areas where max. temperature is below 37°C whereas in other areas apply 10,800 – 12,240 L/acre per day.

4. In case vigour is more than desired, then reduce irrigation water application to 5000 – 7,500 L/ acre. Still if you are not able to control the vigour, stop irrigation till such time growth is controlled.

5. During fruit bud differentiation stage, shoot vigour to be controlled and hence, the irrigation water applied should be from 4000 to 5000 L/ acre/ day.

6. For fruit bud differentiation stage, stress needs to be given. In clayey soil as the water holding capacity is higher, please note that stress needs to be imposed early else fruitfulness will be affected.

7. During Cane maturity stage, apply irrigation @ 4000 to 5000 L/ acre/ day.

8. Practice mulching to keep the bunds moistened. This will reduce the salinity build up in the root zone due to evaporation of the moisture from the surface of the bund.

9. Flooding the vineyard is not advised as it will lead to wastage of water. Concentrate irrigation water application in the root zone only.

Shoot growth stage

1. After subcane is over, check for any interveinal leaf yellowing or marginal leaf yellowing. Interveinal veinal leaf yellowing means lime induced iron deficiency due to calcareous soil. Yellowing of leaf margin coupled with curling means potassium deficiency.

2. In calcareous soils, spray ferrous sulphate @ 2g/L twice at 3 days interval and apply 15-20 kg/acre ferrous sulphate thgrough drip.

3. To effectively manage calcareous soil, apply 5kg/ acre soluble sulphur through drip every week. Also spray magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate @ 3 gm each/ L once only.

4. Possibility of leaf curling, check the leaf margins, if slight to more yellow, possibility of potassium deficiency. Foliar spray of SOP @ 3g/L followed by fertigation of 20-25 kg SOP/acre in 2 to 3 splits.

5. In coloured varieties like Jumbo, Nanasaheb Purple etc., leaf curling along with reddening/ bronzing of the leaf margin can be observed if potassium deficiency is there. Foliar spray of SOP @ 3g/L followed by fertigation of 20-25 kg SOP/acre in 2 to 3 splits.

Fruit bud differentiation stage

1. Based upon soil test values, apply 20 – 25 kg phosphoric acid or 150 kg SSP in case the soils are deficient in phosphorus. Phosphoric acid application is desirable in calcareous soils. Donot apply beyond this until and unless the soil and petiole tests show low phosphorus availability.

2. Donot apply any water soluble fertilizer having nitrogen.

3. At 45 DAP, perform petiole test to know the nutrient content of the vines. The petioles should be collected from 5th leaf from the base of the shoot even counting the leaves that have been removed.

4. Apply Magnesium sulphate @ 15kg/ acre in atleast 2 splits from 45 to 55 DAP.

5. In calcareous soils, spray magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate @ 3 gm each/ L once only during 45 to 55 DAP.

6. Keep a close watch on the development of leaf blackening symptoms if irrigation water contains sodium more than 100ppm.

7. Possibility of leaf curling, check the leaf margins, if slight to more yellow, possibility of potassium deficiency. Foliar spray of SOP @ 3-4g/L followed by fertigation of 20-25 kg SOP/acre in 2 to 3 splits.

8. In coloured varieties like Jumbo, Nanasaheb Purple etc., leaf curling along with reddening/ bronzing of the leaf margin can be observed if potassium deficiency is there. Foliar spray of SOP @ 3g/L followed by fertigation of 20-25 kg SOP/acre in 2 to 3 splits.

Cane maturity stage

1. Potassium application is required from Cane maturity stage onwards. Approx. 64 kg of sulphate of potash (soluble grade) should be applied in this stage. Split the application into atleast five doses to reduce the leaching losses of the potassium. Apply 15 kg SOP in two – three splits during this week.

2. Apply magnesium sulphate @ 15 kg/acre in two splits. The application should be done during 60-75 days after pruning.

III. Requirement of growth regulators (Dr. S.D. Ramteke)

- NIL

IV. Canopy Management (Dr. R.G.Somkuwar)

During the last week, the grape vineyard experienced some problems. Based on this, management practices are suggested. 

1. Development of knot on the shoot. This problem is observed in old as well as new vineyard. In new vineyard, the irrigation to the vine is sometimes less. The increase in temperature demand more water from the water. If the supply is less, the shoot growth is reduced. Considering the stage of fruit bud differentiation, the use of cytokinin based PGR is also more. Shortage of irrigation water leads the vine to stress. This condition is mainly responsible for reduction in internodal length, yellowing of leaf and then development of knot on the shoot. 

2. To avoid, irrigation need to be given to maintain wafsa condition. Use of cytokinin based PGR need to be stopped. To maintain the vigor, application of nitrogenous fertilizer need to be given priority. Shoot pinching to be stopped for about a week. Sudden vine drying this condition is observed in first year grape vineyard. Under high temperature, the water requirement of grape vineyards is more. If the canopy is open and the growth is reduced, the leaf comes under direct sunlight. This condition leads to chlorophyll destruction from the growing leaf. For the development of Cordon and fruitful canes, irrigation water is being supplied in higher quantity. The condition of sudden increase of water disturb the balance between actual requirement and availability. The physiological process gets hampered. Even the roots were found to be non functional becoming black in color. In the initial stage, one or two leaf on a vine start drying and subsequently entire vine is dried on 2nd or 3rd day.

To avoid, following management practices are suggested.

3. Drenching of vine with carbendazim @1.5 g per litre water + imidachloprid (17.8 SL) @ 1.5 ml per litre water near the trunk. Use atleast one litre solution for single vine.

4. Repeat the same on third day if the problem is more.

5. Drenching of Hexaconazol @1.0 ml per litre water.

6. To avoid spreading in other vines, drenching through drip in complete vineyards to be done.

7. Drenching with Trichoderma @ 2.5 to 3.0 litre per acre can be done.

8. Application of nitrogenous fertilizer to be followed for one week. 

9. Pinching of shoots are to be avoided.

IV. Disease management (Dr. Sujoy Saha)

Trichoderma application through drip should be continued. If pruning is completed in early pruned areas, cordon wash with mancozeb and sulphur should be done once. If in early sprouting stage one spray of copper oxychloride or copper hydroxide may be given @1.5-2g/l. Anthracnose or bacterial spot attack may occur immediately after rains. Removal of old infected material especially of anthracnose is a must to prevent fresh infection. An infection of bacterial spot is observed in some parts of Sangli and two applications of Kasugamycin + copper oxychloride @ 750g/ha at 7-10 days interval may be given.

V. Insect and Mite management. (Dr. D.S. Yadav)

1. Adults of stem borer Stromatium barbatum start emerging during the last week of May to first fortnight of June. Installation of light traps will be helpful in monitoring the initiation of emergence of stem borer adults. Run the light traps for 3 hours daily, during evening between 7.00 pm – 10.00 pm and destroy the collected beetles in water mixed with insecticide. Application of neem oil or neem seed kernel extract or hanging neem leaves inside vineyards may act as repellant for adults of Stromatium barbatum. If adult stem borers are noticed, application of fipronil 80 WG @ 0.06 g/litre, lambda cyhalothrin 5 CS @ 0.5 ml/litre or imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.3 ml/litre water may be given directed at main stem and cordons during night. Follow the following link for detailed information on youtube video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yvx7dIbPEAU

2. Chafer beetles are adults of white grubs. They start emerging after good rains during May-June months. They are active during nighttime and remain hidden during the day. After mating about 50 eggs are laid by a single female in the soil and where they feed on the roots. However, the damage to roots by their grubs in grapes is not a major problem. The major damage is caused by the adults by feeding on leaves. Mostly grape plants at the border of the vineyard are affected. Foliar application of lambda cyhalothrin 4.9 CS @ 0.5 ml per liter water at night is effective to kill the beetles.

3. Spraying of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.4 ml per litre water will help in controlling mealybug on new growth.

4. In case of thrips or caterpillar infestation, application of fipronil 80 WG @ 0.0625 g per litre or emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.22 g per litre water is effective.

5. Mite infestation may start appearing, therefore, monitor the vineyards carefully. If mite infestation is observed, sulphur 80 WDG @ 1.5-2.0 gram per litre water is effective.