Bacterial blight typically causes irregular, water-soaked lesions and can affect leaves and shoots, while anthracnose leads to sunken, dark lesions with a distinct halo on leaves, shoots and berries.
Please follow the link: https://nrcgrapes.icar.gov.in/for%20farmers/Revised_Annexure%205_RMP_Grapes_2023-24_12.10.2023.pdf
Downy mildew causes yellowish, oily spots on the upper leaf surfaces and a white, downy growth on the underside, while powdery mildew appears as a white, powdery fungal coating on leaves, shoots and bunches.
https://nrcgrapes.icar.gov.in/for%20farmers/Revised_Annexure%205_RMP_Grapes_2023-24_12.10.2023.pdf
https://nrcgrapes.icar.gov.in/for%20farmers/Revised_Annexure%205_RMP_Grapes_2023-24_12.10.2023.pdf
No, systemic fungicides are not used during foundation pruning.
Contact fungicides such as copper oxychloride/hydroxide, mancozeb, captan, propineb, etc. used during foundation pruning.
Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. etc
Ampelomyces quisqualis and Bacillus subtilis are used to control powdery mildew of grapes.
No, but can apply against certain soil pathogens
No. Mixing biocontrol agents and chemical pesticides in a tank before spraying can reduce the effectiveness of both treatments. Chemical pesticides can harm the beneficial organisms in biocontrol agents, leading to a decrease in their population and effectiveness. A time gap of 48 hours should be maintained between the application of chemicals and biocontrol agents.
Systemic fungicides require a minimum of two hrs for absorption.
Rust of grapes typically occurs during the growing season, often appearing in late spring to early summer. It also occurs during stress conditions in orchards or in nurseries
Calibrating sprayers ensures accurate application rates and coverage, which is crucial for effective disease management and minimizing pesticide waste.
Sprayers should be calibrated at least once a year or whenever there is a change in equipment, pesticide or application conditions.
When calibrating a sprayer for different grapevine diseases, consider factors such as the type of disease, the specific pesticide used, application volume, nozzle type and the growth stage of the grapevines.
No, it is not safe to store food in a pesticide box, even after washing, due to potential residual contaminants.
Guidelines for safe mixing and application of pesticides include following manufacturer instructions, using separate equipment for different products, ensuring compatibility of chemicals, avoiding tank mixes with biocontrol agents and applying pesticides during appropriate weather conditions to minimize drift and residue.
Bioremediation is the process of using microorganisms or enzymes to break down pesticide residues in the soil, thereby reducing their presence and mitigating potential harm to grapes
Common microorganisms used in bioremediation for degrading pesticide residues in grapevine cultivation include bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Arthrobacter, etc.
It typically takes several weeks to months for bioremediation to significantly reduce pesticide residues in grapevine soils, depending on the type of pesticide, soil conditions, and the effectiveness of the bioremediation process.
Yes, when mancozeb is used twice @ 2g/L at an interval of 10 days.
No; Bunches must be dry prior to any fungicide application. Steps must be taken to drain the water from the bunches first.
No