II. Water management

a. Number of days after foundation pruning: 03

b. Expected Pan evaporation: -

Amount of irrigation advised:

Nil

Soil and Nutrient management

Nil

III. Canopy Management

Based on the weather data and growth stages, following suggestions are offered for vineyard management.

A) Old vineyard:

1. The recent rainfall in different grape growing regions has reduced the temperature and increased the relative humidity in the grape vineyard.

2. The increased humidity will be available for short period. However, it will help for faster and early bud sprouting.

3. Covering the cordons with shade nets will help to reduce the temperature in vineyard and increase relative humidity that will support for early and unform bud sprout. In addition, it will control dead arm formation in future.

4. In the pruned vineyard, the use of hydrogen cyanamide is must. This will help to enhance the sprouting. The concentration can be 20-25 ml per litre water.

5. Under the condition of dead arms on the cordon, the last season cane can be used for developing new cordon.

6. Use of sulphur in the root zone is necessary to control the problems of calcium carbonate in the vineyard.

7. Immediately after the trench opening, it should be filled with FYM, recommended dose of nutrients and covered to avoid the root damage. Exposure of roots to sunlight for longer period will damage the root cells. This will also lead to dead arms on the cordons.

B) New vineyard:

1) After the re-cut, pasting of hydrogen cyanamide is done on 3-4 buds thereby sprouting all these buds thus converting into new shoots.

2) After the bud sprouting, only straight and fast-growing shoot to be selected for trunk development. The selected shoot to be tied to bamboo with sutali.

3) While developing the trunk, stop and go method to be followed. The growing shoot to be pinched at 7-8 leaf stage when it is at 10-11 leaf.

4) The side shoots on the new growth are then pinched at 3-4 leaf and the upper shoot to be tied for next instalment of cordon.

IV. Disease management

As the temperature is high and pruning is in progress in many areas, it is advised not to use any fungicide during this time as the probability of disease is almost nil. Spraying of water in the cordons is advisable.

V. Insect and Mite management

1. Preventive spot plant wash with buprofezin 25 SC @ 1.25 ml per litre water with 1.5-2.0 litre water per plant just after pruning.

2. Give preventive spray of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.4 ml per litre water at the time of bud sprouting after April pruning to manage flea beetle and mealybug shoot malformation.

3. For flea beetle management, spray imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.4 ml per litre or fipronil 80 WG @ 0.06 g per litre or lambda cyhalothrin 4.9 CS @ 0.5 ml per litre water during early morning hours or late evening. If that is not found sufficient to manage flea beetle, give soil drenching of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1.5 ml per vine also.

4. For thrips management in new vineyards after recut or new shoot growth after April pruning, give regular applications of effective insecticides such as spinosad 45 SC @ 0.25 ml/l, spinetoram 11.7 SC @ 0.3 ml/l, cyantraniliprole 10 OD @ 0.7 ml/l, emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.22g/l or fipronil 80 WG @ 0.0625 g/l water when thrips population is 5 per shoot or above.