WEATHER BASED GRAPE ADVISORY
ICAR-NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GRAPES,
Manjri, Pune.
WEATHER DATA FOR THE PREVAILING WEEK
Date of Fruit Pruning: 15/09/2023
Thursday (2/11/2023) – Wednesday (8/11/2023)
| Location | Temperature (°C) |
Possibility of Rain | Cloud Cover | Wind Speed (Km/hr) Min-Max | R H%
| ||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | ||||
| Nashik | 17-18 | 33-34 | Nashik, Dindori, Ozar, Palkhed, Pimpalgaon Baswant, Kalwan, Vani, Loni -Thu- Wed –No Rain. | Clear | 09-13 | 25-29 | 36-56 |
| Pune | 17-20 | 31-32 | Pune, Phursungi, Loni Kalbhor, Uruli Kanchan, Patas, Yavat, Narayangaon, Baramati, Indapur - Thu- Wed –No Rain. | Clear | 08-11 | 26-34 | 43-55 |
| Solapur | 19-20 | 33-35 | Solapur- Sun– Drizzling Tuljapur, Nannaj, Latur, Ausa , Vairag, Barshi, Pandharpur - Thu- Wed –No Rain | Clear to cloudy | 12-18 | 29-31 | 55-64 |
| Sangli | 20-22 | 32-34 | Shirguppi- Fri, Sat, Sun, Tue, Wed- Drizzling Palsi, Miraj - Sat, Sun - Drizzling. Shetphal, Walva, Palus, Kawthe Khanapur Vita - Thu- Wed –No Rain | Clear to cloudy | 14-15 | 26-39 | 58-66 |
| Vijayapura | 19-20 | 33-35 | Vijayapura, Chadchan, Tikota & Telsang–- Sun, Wed- Drizzling | Clear to cloudy | 13-17 | 27-37 | 64-76 |
| Hyderabad | 20-21 | 31-32 | Hyderabad, Medchal- Mon,Tue - Drizzling Zahirabad-Thu- Wed –No Rain | Clear to cloudy | 08-09 | 37-48 | 73-82 |
| Satara | 18-21 | 31-32 | Satara, Khatav- Wed - Drizzling. Phaltan --Thu- Wed –No Rain | Clear to cloudy | 08-10 | 34-43 | 54-64 |
| Ahmednagar | 16-18 | 32-33 | Ahmednagar, Shrigonda, Rahata, Kopargaon,Sangamner, Akole, Jamkhed, Karjat- Thu- Wed –No Rain. | Clear | 10-14 | 25-31 | 43-64 |
| Jalna | 17-19 | 32-33 | Ambad, Jalna, GansawangiMantha, Jafrabad- Thu- Wed –No Rain. | Clear | 09-12 | 21-32 | 39-72 |
| Buldhana | 15-16 | 33-34 | Buldana,Chikhli, Sindkhedraja, D.raja - Thu- Wed –No Rain. | Clear | 07-11 | 21-33 | 38-62 |
| Kolhapur | 22-24 | 33-35 | Kagal,Karveer, Gagan-bavada – Wed - Drizzling. | Clear to cloudy | 06-09 | 37-50 | 69-88 |
| Bengaluru Rural | 20-21 | 29-30 | Anekal, Doddaballapur, Bengaluru-east, Bengaluru-north, Bengaluru-south - Thu- Wed- Drizzling to Light Rain. | Clear to cloudy | 12-13 | 54-62 | 88-94 |
| Belagavi | 21-23 | 32-33 | Belagavi, Gokak- Sat, Sun, Mon- Drizzling. Chikodi–Fri,Sat, Sun, Tue, Wed- Drizzling. Athni- Sat, Sun- Drizzling. | Clear to cloudy | 08-11 | 44-51 | 80-87 |
| Bidar | 19-20 | 31-33 | Basavakalyan, Humanabad, Bidar- Thu- Wed –No Rain. | Clear | 08-11 | 32-42 | 71-87 |
| Bagalkot | 19-20 | 33-34 | Hungund,Bagalkot,Jamkhandi, Mudhol- Sun, Wed- Drizzling. | Clear to cloudy | 13-17 | 32-40 | 74-79 |
Note: Above weather information is summary of weather forecasting given in following websites
https://www.wunderground.com/?cm_ven=cgi
https://imdagrimet.gov.in/weatherdata/BlockWindow.php
https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india
ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes does not claim accuracy of it.
II. Water Management
a. Number of days after fruit pruning: 48
b. Pan evaporation:4.5-6mm
Amount of irrigation advised:
1. In case soil is under wapsa (field capacity) condition, donot irrigate the vineyard.
2. During shoot growth stage (Fruit pruning season),apply irrigation through drip @ 7650-10200 L/ acre/ day for all grape growing regions.In case vigour is more than desired, then reduce irrigation water application by half to 3800 - 5100 L/ acre and still if growth is more, stop the irrigation till such time the growth is brought under control and then start irrigation.
3. Practice mulching to keep the bunds moistened. This will reduce the salinity build up in the root zone due to evaporation of the moisture from the surface of the bund.
4. From flowering to fruit setting, apply irrigation through drip upto 3400 L/ acre/ day.Vigour needs to be controlled.
5. During Berry development stage, apply irrigation through drip @ 7650-10200 L/ acre/ day for all grape growing regions.
Nutrient management
Shoot Growth stage
1. In case organic fertilizers are applied, check the C:N ratio. Lower the ratio more the nitrogen release, hence possibility of enhanced growth. Control nitrogen application based upon growth of vine.
2. Based upon the soil test value, during shoot growth stage apply urea @ 15kg / acre this week in two splits.If the soil is calcareous, instead of urea apply ammonium sulphate @ 25 kg/ acre in three splits this week.Depending upon the crop vigour, regulate nitrogen application.
3. If sodicity problem is there, apply 10 kg Sulphate of potash per acre in 2 splits this week.
4. Until and unless leaves are fully developed donot go for any foliar application of nutrients. It will be lead to wastage of spray.
5. The quantity of nutrients to be applied through foliar, depends upon canopy size.
6. If the crop is between 5 leaf to prebloom stage, apply Zinc sulphate and Ferrous sulphate @ 15 kg/ acre based upon soil test value.Boron application should be carried out only if soil test value indicates low levels and the irrigation water does not contain boron.If during foundation puning, the petiole test stated that boron was deficient then apply boron @ 1.5 kg to 5 kg depending upon the soil test value.Apply one kg boron at a time.
7. Apply 15 kg Magnesium sulphate per acre in two splits.
8. If soils are calcareous, spray Sulphate of potash and Magnesium sulphate @ 2-3g/L depending upon leaf age during prebloom stage.
Flowering to setting stage:
1. Donot apply any nitrogen based fertilizer just before Flowering to Setting stage to avoid problems of kooj (inflorescence necrosis).
2. Apply 3-4 kg Phosphoric acid in two to three splits this week.Remember that the pH of the irrigation water should be near 6.0. OR apply SSP @ 125kg/acre as basal application.SSP should be mixed with FYM/Compost before application to minimize phosphorus fixation.
3. If SOP not applied, then apply 15 kg SOP in case low temperature and cloudy conditions forecasted during flowering stage.
4. Petiole nutrient testing: At 70% capfall stage, petiole samples should be taken for nutrient analysis. The leaf opposite the bunch should be removed for sampling.
Berry Development stage:
1. After Berry setting, continue initially with Phosphoric acid application @ 2 kg followed by 5 kg 12-61-0/acre.
2. If the berry size is from 2-4mm, spray calcium @ 2g Calcium Chloride / Calcium Nitrate per litre.Target sprays immediately after GA application (preferably next day) for better absorption.
3. If the berry size is from 5-8mm, spray calcium @ 2g Calcium Chloride / Calcium Nitrate per litre.Target sprays immediately after GA application (preferably next day) for better absorption.
4. After 6-8 mm berry size, start application of nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulphate @ 25kg /acre in 4 splits in calcareous soil and as urea @ 15 kg/acre in other soils in 3 splits.Follow this up with Sulphate of potash or 0-0-50 @ 25 kg/ acre in 3-4 splits for next two weeks.
III. Canopy Management
The practices followed during this week are as below.
1) The temperature during day time is increasing while the night temperature is dropping at faster rate.
2) The present condition will not support for growth and development of grape bunch in grape vineyard.
3) The fog/dews in early morning may initiates the downy mildew problem. Hence, leaf removal basal portion of a shoot should be done. This will help for good aeration in the canopy thereby reducing the chances of disease spread. It will also help for good coverage while spraying of fungicide, PGR, micronutrients, etc.
4) In late pruned vineyard, under this weather, the bud sprouting as well as bunch emergence will be affected. However, the fertilizer application and irrigation management will help to improve the bud sprouting.
5) The bunches at pre-bloom stage should be sprayed with GA 3 @ 10 ppm. To improve the efficiency of GA3, water being used should not contain sodium salt, carbonates, etc. The pH of the spray solution should be 5.5 to 6.0.
6) The vineyard after berry set should be given attention for berry thinning. The berry thinning plays an important role in bunch development. Retention of berries as per the variety, purpose (local vs. export), etc to be considered while berry thinning.
7) In the vineyard where the shoot growth is higher, the growers are advised to apply phosphorous and potash grade fertilizers.
8) During the stage of flowering to berry setting, water stress to be followed. This will help for natural berry thinning. However, water withholding will depend upon the soil type, temperature of the vineyard and irrigation timing.
9) The grape vineyard before flowering stage should fulfil the leaf requirement. The number of leaf above the bunch should be 10-12 in numbers. The number may increase depending upon size of leaf. Generally, for a cane with 8-10mm size producing bunch of 500 g requires 16-17 leaf (160-170 2 cm each). Considering this, growers are advised to follow the practice based on local condition.
IV. Disease management
| Days after fruit pruning | Risk of diseases | |||
| Downy mildew | Powdery mildew | Anthracnose | Others (specify) | |
| 48 | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Bacterial spot- Moderate Rust- Nil |
For downy mildew control application of systemic fungicides like Amisulbrom @ 0.375g/L+ mancozeb 75WP@2g/L(tank-mix) or Dimethomorph@1g/L+mancozeb 75WP@2g/L(tank- mix) or Iprovalicarb+propineb @ 2.25g/L or Mandipropamid@ 0.8g/L may be done In some areas of Nashik where dew is observed in the morning hours, a dusting of mancozeb@3-5 kg/acre may be done. Application of Kasugamycin+copper oxychloride @ 750g/Ha will control bacterial spot and anthracnose. In 35-40 days old crop one round of hexaconazole or difenoconazole @ 1ml/L may be given. In areas where there is a sudden drop in temperature powdery mildew may be visible and application of sulphur @2-2.5g/ L may be given. Streptocycline should NOT be applied for any bacterial diseases.
V. Insect and Mite management
Fruit pruning growth stage: Initial active shoot growth stage
· Some jassid/leafhopper infestation may be seen. Install light traps outside vineyards. Foliar application of insecticides such as lambda cyhalothrin 4.9 CS @ 200 ml per acre or imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 160 ml per acre or fipronil 80 WG @ 25 g per acre is effective. Care should be taken that the sprays should be done during night and install a white light bulb behind tractor and turn on during spraying for better results from the insecticidal sprays.
· Flea beetle infestation may be high during this period. For flea beetle management, remove weeds from inside and around the vineyards. Harrowing may be done in inter row space. Foliar application of lambda cyhalothrin 4.9 CS @ 200 ml per acre or imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 160 ml per acre or fipronil 80 WG @ 25 g per acre or spinosad 45 SC @ 100 ml per acre may be given. The foliar spray may preferably to give at night.
·Incidences of new species of stem borer (red colour larva) may be noticed under bark in Sangali, Solapur, Nashik, Pune, Bijapur grape areas. Remove the loose bark and give good plant wash mainly targeting cordons and main trunk with entomogenous fungi, Metarhizium spp. @ 3-5 ml/L water (water volume 1.5 litres per plant).
