WEATHER DATA FOR THE PREVAILING WEEK

Date of Fruit Pruning: 15/09/2022

 Thursday (6/04/2023) – Wednesday (12/04/2023)

Note: Above weather information is summary of weather forecasting given in following websites

https://www.wunderground.com/?cm_ven=cgi

https://imdagrimet.gov.in/weatherdata/BlockWindow.php

https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india

ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes does not claim accuracy of it.

Water Management

a. Number of days after fruit pruning:

b. Pan evaporation: 7.5 - 9 mm

1. After foundation pruning, during shoot growth stage, apply 12,750 – 15,300L/acre per day of irrigation water.If EC of the irrigation water is less than 1 dS/m, then apply 10,200 – 12,240 L/acre per day.

2. In case vigour is more than desired, then reduce irrigation water application to 6,400 – 7,600 L/ acre.Still if you are not able to control the vigour, stop irrigation till such time growth is controlled.

3. Cover the cordons of the pruned vines with shadenet, if available, for uniform sprouting as well as reducing the irrigation water needs by 20-25 %.Shadenet coverage will reduce the temperature impact on the cordons.However, remove shadenet after 3-5 leaf stage.If shadenet is not available, spray the cordons with water during the peak heat period i.e. 2-3 pm to reduce the heat effect on the buds.

4. In case there is probability of less irrigation water availability, then flood the bund (not whole vineyard) at pruning and mulch the bunds.Flooding the bund will reduce the accumulated salt load in the root zone and mulching will reduce the evaporation of water from soil surface.Thus, this will reduce the salt load in the soil and at the same time saturate the soil leading to proper sprouting.Further, in case less irrigation water is available still the newly emerging shoots will not be damaged due to salinity.

5. In case the soil is under wapsa (field capacity) condition, donot irrigate the vineyard.

6. Practice mulching to keep the bunds moistened. This will reduce the salinity build up in the root zone due to evaporation of the moisture from the surface of the bund.

7. Flooding the vineyard is not advised as it will lead to wastage of water.Concentrate irrigation water application in the root zone only.

Soil and Nutrient management

Rest Period

After the harvest of grapes during February – March, vine reserves are exhausted.After foundation pruning, till photosynthetically active leaves are formed, it is the vine reserves that contribute to the growth and development of the vines. Hence, following is advised:

1. Provide only need based irrigation to protect the existing leaves from drying and also contribute towards increasing the reserves of the vines through photosynthetic activity.The quantum of irrigation water applied should be approx. 7000 – 7500 L/ acre, once in a week.If temperature exceeds 38°C, apply the same every fourth day.Care should be taken to reduce/stop the water in case new growth is observed on the shoot.

2. Apply 10-15 kg urea, 25-30 kg SSP and 10-15 kg Sulphate of Potash per acre every 15-20 days till foundation pruning is not done.

3. Flooding the vineyard is not advised as it will lead to wastage of water.Concentrate irrigation water application in the root zone only.

Foundation pruning:

1. If planning for foundation pruning in next 10- 15 days, it is advised to get soil and water analysed for planning nutrient and water application schedule for foundation pruning season.

2. If soils are calcareous in nature, then apply 50 kg sulphur between the vines in the soil. The sulphur should be properly mixed in the soil for improving its efficacy in taking care of calcium carbonates.Mixing of sulphur with FYM/ compost further improves its efficacy.

3. The vineyards where sodicity problems are there, apply gypsum to the soil for removal of sodium from the soil exchange complex.In case of calcareous soils, apply sulphur for similar purpose.

Shoot growth stage:

1. Apply 50 kg urea/ acre in 5-6 splits after sprouting.In calcareous soils, donot apply urea, instead use Ammonium sulphate @ 85 kg/acre in atleast 7-8 splits from sprouting onwards.

2. In case of vigorous growth of shoots, stop nitrogen application and wait for the growth to stabilize before resuming nitrogen application.If still the growth continues, then reduce irrigation.Then resume when growth is maintained at desired level.

3. Based upon soil test value, apply Zinc sulphate @10 kg/acre along with Ferrous sulphate @10kg/acre followed by Magnesium sulphate @15kg/acre in atleast 2 splits during 5-7 leaf stage. Boron application should be strictly based upon soil and petiole test.

4. In calcareous soils, spray magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate @2 gm each/ L during active growing stage.

III. Requirement of growth regulators

NIL

IV. Canopy Management

The temperature in the atmosphere is increasing with the reduction in relative humidity. The change in weather will have a direct impact on grapevine development. The harvesting of grapes must be in the stage of completion. The preparation for foundation pruning is required. The growers are advised for the following.

1 After harvesting of fruits, rest to the vine is important. The period should be atleast 20 days from harvest. 

2 During the period, a minimum quantity of water and fertilizer (18.46.0 and urea) to recoup the vine is needed.

3 Trench opening 15 days before the foundation pruning is required. 

4 Soil testing before foundation pruning will help to know the status of the vineyard in relation to fertilizer requirements. 

5 Trench opening 3-4 inch depth and 2 feet wide leaving 8-9 inch from the trunk is recommended.

6 By opening the trench, root cutting upto 30% will be experienced. Root cutting will not have any adverse impact on the vine development. However, more than 30% root cutting may affect bud sprouting after pruning. 

7 Apply 20kg FYM to each vine. In addition, single super phosphate @ 500g (more than 3 years old vine) per vine while 300 g per vine for young vines. 

8 In case of young vine, new growth will show deficiency of ferrous. Hence, soil application of ferrous sulphate @ 12 -15 kg per acre is suggested.

9) The vineyard with calcium carbonate should be applied with sulphur. 

10 After application of FYM and fertilizer in the trench, close with soil immediately and irrigate. 

11 Exposure of roots for more time will put the vine under stress. This will lead to dead arms. Hence, the trench filling should be attended immediately.

12 Foundation pruning should be done leaving a single bud. 

13 Use of hydrogen cyanamide @20-25 ml/litre water is recommended for easy and early bud sprouts. 

14 In case of extension of cordon, the last shoot can be cut at 6-7 bud positions and tied to the cordon wire. In such case, hydrogen cyanamide can be applied only on old cordon while the new shoot need not be pasted with hydrogen cyanamide.

15 Since the temperature is increasing, the bud sprouts will be delayed leading to dead arm of a vine. Hence, for early bud sprouts, either the cordons are to be covered with shade nets or the cordons be water sprayed. This can be done from 5th to 15th days after foundation pruning. 

16 Water spray can be given twice in a day. Once during 11.0 am to 12.30pm and second during 3.0 pm to 4.30 pm. 

17 Spraying the vine with Bourdeaux mixture @ 1% concentration will help to sanitize the vines for the control of diseases. 

18 During the stage of bud swelling, flea beetles may be a problem. Hence, required insecticide spray should be taken. 

V. Disease management

In some areas of Solapur where the crop is around 120-125 days old, sudden incidence of downy mildew was observed which could be due to the untimely rains and some persisting old inoculum in the canopy. Fungicide spray is not advocated at this stage but if the infection is very high a spray of Mancozeb @ 2g/L may be given. Two sprays of Bacillus subtilis @2g/L will also help in bioremediation i.e. reduction of pesticide residues to some extent. If pruning for next season is commenced in some areas of Satana, cordon wash with mancozeb and sulphur once is advised.

VI. Insect and Mite management

1. Spot wash mealybug infected plants with buprofezin 25 SC @ 1.25 ml per litre water with 1.5-2.0 litre water per plant.

2. Sulphur 80 WDG @ 1.5-2.0 g/L or abamectin 1.9% EC @ 0.75 ml/L water may be applied if mite infestation is observed at vine resting stage after harvest.

3. Give preventive spray of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.4 ml per litre water at the time of bud sprouting after April pruning to manage flea beetle and mealybug shoot malformation.

4. For flea beetle management, spray imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.4 ml per litre or fipronil 80 WG @ 0.06 g per litre or lambda cyhalothrin 4.9 CS @ 0.5 ml per litre water during early morning hours

5. For thrips management in new vineyards after recut, give regular applications of effective insecticides such as spinosad 45 SC @ 0.25 ml/l, spinetoram 11.7 SC @ 0.3 ml/l, cyantraniliprole 10 OD @ 0.7 ml/l, emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.22g/l or fipronil 80 WG @ 0.0625 g/l water when thrips population is 5 per shoot or above.